Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is commonly used for monitoring regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO₂) during cardiac surgery, but its relationship with postoperative neurological complications is unclear. In aortic surgery, NIRS is thought to be useful for detecting cerebral hypoperfusion, including unilateral perfusion abnormalities. Considering recent similar applications, we investigated rSO₂ changes measured by NIRS during rewarming in aortic surgery and their as...

This review critically examines the evidence and arguments regarding the impacts of the updated NG51 guidelines on future sepsis identification, diagnosis and outcomes. Drawing on personal observations of sepsis management in the Emergency Department, this review also includes original recommendations for potential future updates to the NG51 guidelines....

Posterior circulation stroke makes up 30% of cases of stroke. It has a variety of symptoms which are difficult to be correlated with radioimaging finding and leads to late diagnosis. This is due to its complexity in blood supply to many vital areas of the brain. Factors in radiological aspects like artefacts over posterior fossa in computed tomography of the brain contribute to the difficulties in its diagnosis. We present a case of late diagnosis of posterior circulation stroke due to challenge...