Historically with pancreatic trauma, complete disruption of the main pancreatic duct (MPD), classified as Grade IV-V by the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST), necessitated a damage-control laparotomy. This was to avoid mortality, shorten diet upgrade timeframe, and hence shorter length of stay. However, acute pancreatic resection entailed complications of pancreatic fistulas and leaks....

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is defined as the presence of fat particles (i.e., > 100 particles per mm2) in the blood circulation that result in symptoms and/or organ failure. FES could result from mechanical causes, trauma or sepsis and, even if very rare, is a fatal disease that develops within 12-72 hours. FES manifestations can vary from mild cognitive changes to coma and even cerebral edema and brain death. The exact incidence of FES stemming from traumatic long bone injuries varies in liter...

Abdominal defects resulting from emergency open abdominal (OA) procedures require complex treatment algorithms and continue to burden both patients and healthcare providers due to increased risk of morbidity and complications. When primary closure of the abdominal subcutaneous and dermal tissues cannot be achieved, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is among the most common treatment options. ...