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Infectious Diseases and EpidemiologyISSN: 2474-3658

Early Online

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510329

Sociocultural and Behavioral Factors Contributed to High Hepatitis B Virus Prevalence among Pregnant Women in Hossana Town Central Ethiopia Region: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nigatu Lenjamo, Tadele Y Hegana, Emma R Miller, Terefe G Fuge and Denebo Erisulo

Article Type: Original Article | First Published: 2024/10/31

The prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women in Hossana Town was found to be among the highest prevalences in similar populations in Ethiopia. As well as unprotected intimate contact with an HBV-infected person, cultural and behavioural factors related to practices of unsafe tattooing and sex, are associated with HBV infection....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510328

Top Five Infectious Disease Outbreaks among Displaced Populations during the Gaza Conflict 2023-2024: A Comprehensive Review

Zuhair Dardona, Mounia Amane and Samia Boussaa

Article Type: Review Article | First Published: 2024/09/21

On October 7, 2023, the Israeli-Gaza conflict erupted, resulting in tens of thousands of deaths and injuries. The devastation extended far beyond immediate casualties, obliterating Gaza’s essential infrastructure, including buildings, universities, institutions, sewage systems, electricity and water networks, and health facilities. The conflict displaced hundreds of thousands of people in cramped coastal areas, living in makeshift nylon tents with no access to basic services. The absence of sa...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510327

Development and Validation of an Empirical Model to Forecast Malaria Outbreaks at Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study

Fetlework Workineh Aserss, Worku Awoke, Zelalem Mehari and Damtie Lankir Abebe

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: 2024/09/19

Malaria remains a significant public health concern in developing countries. Distinct geographical regions have different factors that influence malaria transmission. The aim of this study is to develop and validate an empirical model to forecast malaria outbreak....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510326

Climate Change, Vector-Borne Diseases, and Conflict: Intersecting Challenges in Vulnerable States

Adeniyi Ayinde Abdulwahab, Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi, Ashiru Mustapha Adeniyi, Taiwo Olawehinmi, Omotayo Faith Olanrewaju, Agwuna Favour Obianuju and Ibrahim Abdulmumin Damilola

Article Type: Commentary | First Published: 2024/08/19

This commentary provides a detailed examination of the interplay between climate change, vector-borne diseases (VBDs), and conflict within fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS). It identifies how climate change intensifies existing vulnerabilities by altering the conditions favorable to disease vectors, which exacerbates public health crises in regions already destabilized by conflict. This analysis highlights the profound multiplier effect of climate change on VBD transmission through ecol...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510325

Fulminant Hepatitis A with Favourable Outcome

Sonia TALEB, Amel OUYAHIA, Mounira RAIS, Wahiba GUENIFI, Meriem GUECHI and Abdelmadjid LACHEHEB

Article Type: Case Report | First Published: 2024/08/16

However, we report a case of fulminant hepatitis secondary to a hepatitis A virus (HAV) in a 44-year-old male. With no previous history, he had jaundice, asthenia and hepatic encephalopathy. The biological assessment revealed hepatocellular insufficiency, hepatic cytolysis and cholestasis. The outcome was favourable without liver transplantation....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510324

The Role of Microbiome in Malaria Transmission and Severity

Kwame Kumi Asare and Paul Ekow Duntu

Article Type: Review Article | First Published: 2024/07/10

Malaria is a public health concern, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Several malaria control programs to treat, control, and eradicate malaria have been implemented, however, more than 90% of malaria-related deaths in under five years occur in Africa. With the emergence and spread of artemisinin-resistant P. falciparum, global malaria control now focuses on vaccine development and a search for novel and efficient antimalarial drugs. Although current evidence shows host microbiota play a signifi...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510323

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Healthcare Students' Infection Control in COVID-19 Test Sampling in Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

Khanh Hoang Pham, Quyen Thi My Huynh, Ny Dang Tieu Tran, Phuong Truc Vo, Nhat Minh Phan, Tuong Manh Do, Thi Anh Nguyen, Karl Rennick-Zuefle and Tin Hoang Nguyen

Article Type: Research article | First Published: 2024/06/30

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic became much more severe in 2021. Healthcare students were a crucial population that needs to participate in disease preventive assistance and were very susceptible to COVID-19 exposure due to the specialized nature of their area of study. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices were important for protecting healthcare volunteer students against infection in COVID-19 sampling....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510322

Correlation of Ultrasonographic Findings of the Kidneys to Serum Creatinine Levels in Lassa Fever Patients in a Tertiary Health Facility in Sub-Saharan Africa

Oriaifo BB, Adeyekun AA, Irabor PI, Okokhere PO, Izevbekhai SO

Article Type: Original Research | First Published: 2024/06/30

Lassa fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic fever that affects all major organs of the body including the kidneys. Renal complications of this disease are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in affected patients. Early detection of renal involvement will facilitate the initiation of measures to improve the clinical outcome of such patients as treatment is more effective if initiated early. Ultrasonography is a valuable imaging modality in the evaluation of the kidneys and is useful in a...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510321

Unveiling the Masquerade: Pulmonary Mycosis Mimicking Pulmonary Malignancy- A Case Series

Haris Zia, MD, Matthew D. McCoy APP>, Andre Ene, MD, Walid Hadid, MD, Jamie Sturgill, PhD and Ashish P. Maskey, MD

Article Type: Case Series | First Published: 2024/05/25

Fungal pneumonia or pulmonary mycosis is a fungal infection of the lungs [1]. It can be caused by an endemic pathogen in immunocompetent hosts or an opportunistic agent in immunocompromised patients or a combination of both. Among the myriads of pathogens implicated in pulmonary mycosis, Aspergillus spp. Candida spp. Coccidioides spp. and Pneumocystis jiroveci are more prevalent [2]. Pulmonary mycoses present a significant clinical challenge due to the...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510319

Nocardia Infection and Associated Outcomes in Patients with Solid Organ Transplant

Rezwan Munshi, MD, Narois Nehru, MD, Madison Lannom, MD, James R. Pellegrini Jr, MD, Ngoc-Van Tran, MD and Fatima Anjum, MD

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: 2024/04/18

Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are more susceptible to infections, particularly Nocardia infections (NI). Our study examines the outcomes associated with NI in SOT recipients. Our study used National Inpatient Sample data (2015-Q4 to 2018) and ICD-10 codes to identify patients with NI and SOT. Pearson chi-square test was used to evaluate categorical and continuous variables....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510318

COVID-19 Risk Categorization of Patients Attending Private Healthcare Facilities in Southwest Nigeria

Okunbor HN, Dairo MD, Oluwole TO, Okunbor LO, Akinsolu F and Sadare OA

Article Type: Original Article | First Published: 2024/03/31

Understanding disease risk is important for prevention. Identifying high-risk COVID-19 patients helps healthcare professionals implement precautions. This study examined factors related to COVID-19 prevention in patients at private healthcare facilities in Southwest Nigeria, during the early stages of the pandemic....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510317

Knowledge, Attitude and Risk Factors of Acquiring Leptospirosis and Other Rodent-Borne Diseases in Kibondo and Kakonko Districts, Kigoma, Tanzania

Clara A. Majawa, Abdul A.S. Katakweba, PB Madoshi, Ginethon G. Mhamphi and Athumani M. Lupindu

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: 2024/02/29

Globally, leptospirosis is an overlooked zoonotic disease due to health illiteracy, given the high prevalence of various zoonotic diseases today, improving individual knowledge and fostering health literacy could be essential in enhancing the prevention and control of infectious diseases. This study evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and risk factors for leptospirosis and other rodent-borne diseases....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510316

Variability of Hepatitis B Genotypes among HIV Infected Individuals in Kenya

Rency Lel, Sheila Kageha, Dama Olungae, Alex Maiyo, Timothy Muasya, Joyceline Kinyua, Lihana Raphael, Judy Chege, Nancy Lagat, Lucy Kanyara and Mwangi Joseph

Article Type: Original Article | First Published: 2024/02/17

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for over 27 million (75%) of the global burden of HIV. Viral co-infections are also becoming common especially Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) viruses due to shared risk factors and mode of transmission. HIV and Hepatitis co-infections affects disease progression and complicates management. ...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510315

Seropositivity of Anti-CMV IgM Antibody among Women of Child-Bearing Age Attending Selected Hospitals in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Anchau Zainab Garba, Suleiman Ahmad Babangida, Olonitola O Stephen and Kwanashie Clara N

Article Type: Original Article | First Published: 2024/02/11

Human Cytomegalovirus is one of the most common cause of congenital viral infections. The study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Human Cytomegalovirus among women of child-bearing age attending selected hospitals in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A total of 228 blood samples were obtained from the women and processed serologically using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). In addition, structured questionnaire was used to determine socio-demographic and risk factors associated with...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510314

Tracking Covid-19 in England and Wales: Insights from Virus Watch - A Prospective Community Cohort Study

Wing Lam Erica Fong, Vincent Grigori Nguyen, Sarah Beale, Thomas E Byrne, Cyril Geismar, Ellen Fragaszy, Jana Kovar, Annalan M D Navaratnam, Alexei Yavlinsky, Ibrahim Abubakar, Andrew C Hayward and Robert W Aldridge

Article Type: Original Article | First Published: 2024/01/31

Virus Watch is a prospective community cohort study of COVID-19 of 28,527 households in England and Wales designed to estimate the incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 in those with respiratory presentations and examine symptom profiles and transmission of COVID-19 in relation to population movement and behaviour. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) COVID-19 infection survey (CIS) was the largest regular survey of COVID-19 infections and antibodies in the UK and included 227,797 households.....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510313

Eg.5 Variant Approaching the Status of "Variant of Concern": A Future Perspective

Mujahed I. Mustafa and Abdelrafie M. Makhawi

Article Type: Commentary | First Published: 2023/12/20

The EG.5 subvariant of SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as the predominant COVID-19 variant in the United States, raising concerns among virologists due to its high transmissibility and ability to evade immunity. This variant is approaching the status of a Variant of Concern, which is defined as a variant that exhibits a noticeable increase in spread, virulence, and demonstrable impacts on diagnosis, treatment, and vaccines. ...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510312

Antimalarial Health Seekers' Preferences and Perceptions: Insights from Ghana

Dennis Wilmot, Kwame Kumi Asare and Yeboah Kwaku Opoku

Article Type: Original Research | First Published: 2023/11/27

In malaria-endemic regions like Ghana, success in combatting the disease hinges on information accessibility and individual decision-making. The emergence of commercial herbal remedies for malaria treatment, along with the channels through which people acquire this knowledge, holds significant weight. Individuals play an active role in choosing between herbal and conventional antimalarial drugs, such as artemisinin combination therapy....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510311

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Survey on Protective Behavioral Practices against Coronavirus Disease 2019 among Health Workers in Sierra Leone, 2020

Kadijatu N. Kamara, Adel Hussein Elduma and Gebrekrstos Negash Gebru

Article Type: Original Research | First Published: 2023/10/31

All 465 (100%) HCWs responded. Fifty-nine percent (95% CI 54-64%) scored "good practice", 55% reported consistently washing their hands, and 57% wore masks most of the time. Of the 265 who wore a mask most of the time, only 74 (28%) wore the mask correctly, and 106 (40%) did not wear a mask during their interview. Working in Freetown (PR = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4-0.7) and having a high perception that COVID-19 can be severe (PR = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4-0.8) were associated with poor COVID-19 preventive pract...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510307

Impact of Demographic Characteristics and Therapy on Tuberculosis Incident Cases

Iliedor Garcon

Article Type: Dissertation | First Published: 2023/08/30

For more than two decades, tuberculosis (TB) has ranked second among the top killers of infectious diseases, with an estimated 10.4 million incident cases in 2018. Demographic characteristics and drug susceptibility influence TB incidence worldwide. Using a retrospective cohort design, the purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate whether race/ethnicity, age, sex (gender), therapy completion within one year (COT), and testing for isoniazid and rifampin susceptibility (TIRS) were pred...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510310

Anthrax Outbreak in Nigeria: An Issue for Concern?

Tolulope Sharon Rumide, Elohor Samuel and Oluwabusola Oni

Article Type: Review Article | First Published: 2023/09/30

Anthrax is a highly pathogenic zoonotic disease that is attributed to the aerobic, rod-like Gram-positive bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis. This disease primarily affects domestic and wild herbivores through the consumption of vegetation, water or soil and inhalation of air or dust contaminated with highly resistant B. anthracis spores. ...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510309

Investigation of Circulating Vaccine Derived Poliovirus Type 2 Outbreak, Sierra Leone, December 2020: Lessons from the First Three Cases

Gebrekrstos Negash Gebru, Amara Alhaji Sheriff and Adel Hussein Elduma

Article Type: Case Report | First Published: 2023/09/14

Circulating Vaccine Derived Poliovirus (cVDPV), is a genetic mutation of the Sabin virus. Sierra Leone reported its last case of wild polio virus in 2010. However, in December 2020, the national disease surveillance program was notified of three people with acute flaccid paralysis who had cVDPV2. We investigated to identify the source, determine the magnitude of the outbreak and risk factors....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510308

'Don't Let the Problem go Unheard. Let's Get Rid of Rabies' - A Review of the Past, Present and Future Perspective of Rabies

Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Renuka Upadhyaya, Vasundhra Agarwal and Monalisa Vegda

Article Type: Review Article | First Published: 2023/08/31

Rabies, a negative strand RNA virus belonging to the genus Lyssavirus has existed since hundreds of years. Available historical texts called it 'an ancient curse'. From Aristotle in fourth century BC to present day, rabies virus has existed in various species of animals. Modern day molecular epidemiology has proven the evolving nature of the virus. The virus showcases considerable genetic plasticity and hence it still exists as a tangible threat in the 21st century....

Volume 9
Issue 8