Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder characterised by low levels of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone. This report highlights iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism in a juvenile Graves' disease patient post near-total thyroidectomy, leading to low serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels. Uncommon complications emerged, including asymptomatic basal ganglia calcification, medullary nephrocalcinosis, and bilateral cataracts. The case emphasises the need to recognize and manage the compl...

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of metabolic homeostasis controlled by the beta cell hormone; insulin, leading to abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Type 1 is caused by an absolute deficiency of insulin due to the progressive destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas. While the prevalence is between 15-30 million patients worldwide, the incidence of T1DM varies sharply across countries and age groups; with the highest incidence observed in children between 10 and 14-yea...

A systematic review was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Wiley Library, Embase, Cochrane database for systematic reviews and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant articles. The Distiller-SR software was used for journal screening, duplicate removal and data extraction....