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International Journal of

Immunology and ImmunotherapyISSN: 2378-3672

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 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3672/1410015

Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 in Response to Aspergillus Fumigatus in Murine Models of Allergic Airway Inflammation

Gabriel Moran, Evelyn Arevalo, Miguel Barria, Alexander Ortloff and Hugo Folch

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: November 27, 2015

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) constitute a protein family of cellular receptors that mediate the recognition of microbial challenges and the subsequent inflammatory response. The role of these receptors in allergic diseases of airways remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate TLR2 and TLR4 expression in the lung in a murine model of bronchial hypersensitivity to Aspergillus fumigatus. Different groups of 5-month-old mice (Balb/c) were housed in cages containing hay bedding that w...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3672/1410014

Inflammatory Cell Markers in Local Allergic Rhinitis

Senol Comoglu, Ece Comoglu, M. Nesil Keles and Kemal Deger

Article Type: Original Article | First Published: November 06, 2015

Idiopathic rhinitis (IR), previously referred to as 'intrinsic rhinitis' or 'non-allergic perennial rhinitis', is a form of rhinitis that occurs without a known predisposing factor. In fact, IR is a subtype of non-allergic non-infectious rhinitis; the pathophysiology of IR has not been completely elucidated. Negative skin-prick test (SPT) along with the classical symptoms at the time of presentation may lead to misdiagnosis of vasomotor rhinitis. However, vasomotor rhinitis is a form of non-alle...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3672/1410013

Immunobiology of S100A8 and S100A9 Proteins and Their Role in Acute Inflammation and Sepsis

Mohamed Elgazzar

Article Type: Review Article | First Published: October 16, 2015

During the stress-mediated response to infection and tissue injury, their levels markedly increase and contribute to acute and chronic inflammatory disorders as cell autonomous and non-autonomous activators of toll-like receptors (TLRs). There is controversy, however, whether S100A8 and S100A9 are pathogenic or protective during infection and inflammation. Some studies suggest that S100A8 and S100A9 proteins function extracellularly to amplify TLR-mediated responses, thereby increasing inflammat...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3672/1410012

Hemolysis of Some Elderly MDS Cases Might be Related to Prolonged Parvovirus B19 Infection

Nagahito Saito, Kiminari Ito, Katsuhiro Higashiura, Rinji Murakami, Naotaka Miyoshi, Toshiaki Nakagawa, Maneo Yamamoto, Chiko Ueno, Kenta Honma, Makio Ishikawa, Kazunori Ehata, Tomoyuki Yanami, Katsumi Katagiri and Hong Kean Ooi

Article Type: Case Report | First Published: July 27, 2015

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a hematological disorder due to abnormal maturation and differentiation of stem cells. It is clinically manifested as cytopenia and commonly seen in elderly persons. Some MDS cases are known to show longitudinal hemolysis, which is attributed to various factors. Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) had been found in blood for transfusion and is also capable of infecting immature erythroid cells. In our study, we made a thorough review of six elderly MDS cases with slight...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3672/1410011

High Temperature Affects Cytokine Release by Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Hanna Bessler and Meir Djaldetti

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: May 23, 2015

Fever is one of the leading signs of the inflammatory process and it is one of the mechanisms that activate the immune system to defend the organism from various pathogens. For this goal, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are among the first to be mobilized by triggering their capacity for phagocytosis and inflammatory cytokine production....

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