While sclerotherapy may seem safe, catastrophic complications have been reported, including local and systemic adverse reactions. For example, extensive tissue necrosis and cerebrovascular accident (stroke) Patient selection is vital and treating physicians should be aware of all potential complications and discuss them with their patients, prior to treatment, to obtain informed consent. Physicians also need to be prepared to manage catastrophic complications that could lead to amputation or dea...

To elucidate age-related changes of the first septal perforator branch (FSB), the authors investigated age-related changes of elements in the FSBs by direct chemical analysis. In addition, the effects of different arterial sizes and genders on element accumulation were investigated in the FSBs. Sixty-two formalin-fixed adult Thai hearts were used and the FSBs were carefully dissected in the hearts. After the arteries were incinerated with nitric acid and perchloric acid, element contents were de...