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International Archives of

Public Health and Community MedicineISSN: 2643-4512

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 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710102

Pulmonary Hypertension in Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Deciding When and When Not To Repair. An Overall Perspective of Latin America and the Caribbean Countries

John J. Araujo, MD, MBBS, NBE, FSIAC, FSISIAC, FACC, FASE

Article Type: Review Article | Indexed Archive: Volume 9

Congenital heart defects are very prevalent in the world, affecting 1 out of 100 live births. In Latin America and the Caribbean, more than 57,000 children are born with a congenital heart defect each year, 45% of which are moderately and highly complex. Globally, 6-8% of congenital heart defects may develop pulmonary hypertension and, of these, 50% will develop the most extreme form, Eisenmenger syndrome....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710101

Prevalence of Caesarean Section amongst Women Attending Antenatal and Immunization Clinics at Madonna University Teaching Hospital, Elele, Rivers State

Anthony Okeoghene Eguvbe, John Esiso Egbagba, Nkencho Osegi and Kellybest Ibasimama Davids

Article Type: Original Research | Indexed Archive: Volume 8

A Caesarean section (CS) is a major obstetric life-saving surgical procedure that is carried out to improve delivery outcomes and reduce maternal mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that the prevalence of cesarean sections not exceed 15%. Even though this advice is offered, statistics show that cesarean section rates are high in underdeveloped countries, with national and regional variations within the same country.Promoting vaginal delivery after a CS, avoiding CS bec...
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 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710100

Gender Inequality and Public Health: Exploring the Negative Impacts

Temitope Kayode, MD, Mallika Singh, Mohammed Sidi-Ali, PhD, Edima Ottoho, Rosa Rodrique and Omowunmi Afolabi

Article Type: Review Article | Indexed Archive: Volume 8

Gender inequality significantly impacts public health, including adolescent sexual and reproductive health. Despite extensive research, gaps remain in understanding the intersectionality of gender with other social determinants, the long-term impacts of inequality on public health, and the effectiveness of interventions. Therefore, this literature review aims to investigate the consequences of gender inequality on public health and identify key pathways. It will further explore and analyze key d...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710099

Food Preferences of Women during Pregnancy in Lake Areas of the City of Cotonou-Benin

Gbèmahon Roger Houssou, Colette Sylvie Azandjeme, Opportune Akpo Djènontin, Nadia Fanou, Clémence Germaine Metonnou, Charles Jérôme Sossa, Ella Compaoré and Roch Mongbo

Article Type: Original Article | Indexed Archive: Volume 8

Pregnancy is a period of physiological and psychological changes that leads pregnant women to modify their diet, often until delivery. This study aimed to investigate the food preferences of women during pregnancy. This cross-sectional study involved 230 women, conveniently identified in two public and two private health centers in the lake areas of Cotonou. Pregnant women of at least 12 weeks gestation and women who had given birth less than 12 weeks previously were included and completed a dig...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710098

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Obstetric Care Providers Regarding Pre-Eclampsia in the Yaoundé IV District

Wilfried Loïc TATSIPIE, Junie Annick METOGO NTSAMA, Amandine BAYOKOLAK, Gwenaelle DIOH NYAMBI, Madye NGO DINGOM, Pascal MPONO, Claude Cyrille NOA NDOUA, Julius DOHBIT SAMA and Pascal FOUMANE

Article Type: Original Article | Indexed Archive: Volume 8

Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-related condition which complicates 7 to 9% of all pregnancies and is a major risk factor, exposing both mother and foetus to multiple complications, some of which may be life-threatening. It is the third leading cause of maternal mortality in Africa. In Cameroon, the prevention and management of pre-eclampsia remains sub-optimal, particularly in peripheral health facilities, which are very busy....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710097

Educational Intervention to Limit Occupational Tuberculosis among Healthcare Workers in Kaduna State, Northwestern Nigeria

Chiroma Laminu, AdesolaZaidat Musa and Tubosun Alex Olowolafe

Article Type: Review Article | Indexed Archive: Volume 8

Tuberculosis (TB) has been documented as one of the occupational diseases affecting general healthcare workers globally, caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) affecting the lungs (Pulmonary TB) and other part of the body (Extra pulmonary TB). The study provides educational interventions that limit occupational transmission of tuberculosis among healthcare workers in Kaduna State, Nigeria....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710096

Factors Affecting Nurse Performance at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar

Rijalul Fikri, Atjo Wahyu, Furqaan Naiem, Masyitha Muis, Syria and Stang

Article Type: Research Article | Indexed Archive: Volume 8

Nurses are one of the health workers to get responses, information and answers that are always present in every hospital and are the spear head of hospital health services. Based on data from The National Institute Ocuppational Safety and Health (NIOSH) that jobs related to hospitals or health have a high tendency to be exposed to work stress or depression, as well as burnout....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710095

Personalized Therapy in Oncology: Melanoma as a Paradigm for Molecular-Targeted Treatment Approaches

Kevin B. Kim

Article Type: Review Article | Indexed Archive: Volume 8

Over recent decades, systemic cancer therapy has undergone significant transformations due to breakthroughs in understanding cancer biology, immunology, and genetics. Consequently, patients with advanced-stage cancers are experiencing unprecedented survival rates. Personalized cancer therapy aims to optimize clinical outcomes by tailoring drug therapies to individual patients based on their tumor genetics and/or epigenetics, thereby minimizing the toxicity associated with ineffective treatments....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710093

Hereditary Anemia Diseases in Children

Hamida Amer and Amal Almasri

Article Type: Review Article | Indexed Archive: Volume 7

In comparison with the results of previous studies, we find that sickle cell anemia is the most common, and most cases of thalassemia are people with blood group O+ its willingness to contract the disease, and attention and blood examination are required for children born in families infected with the disease and early detection of the disease, where the incidence of males was more than females, This may not mean that there is an association Hereditary by sex "Zawawi 2021 Eitab 2007"....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710088

Building an Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit in Colombia, a Comprehensive Model of Specialized Care for a Growing Population

John Jairo Araujo, MD, MBBS, Mst, NBE, FSIAC, FSISIAC, FACC

Article Type: Review Article | Indexed Archive: Volume 7

Adults with congenital heart disease are a growing population in Colombia and worldwide. Currently, Colombia has a population of more than 51 million inhabitants, with 38.2 million adults, 115,000 of whom live with congenital heart disease of varying complexity. The demographic profile shows that this population with congenital heart disease is mostly young, with ages ranging from 20 to 44 years. Keeping them in optimal health is a challenge, and care involves centralization in special adult con...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710087

Health Exposure and Environmental Challenges of Households Living Nearby an Open Landfill System in Nigerian Urban Centre

Nnamdi C Ogbuehi, Maureen C Orji and Omobolaji O Afolabi

Article Type: Original Research | Indexed Archive: Volume 6

Urbanization and poor town planning have contributed to large waste generation, poor management, and landfill are sited close to the living environment; hence, high health risk. The study assessed households living near open landfills' health-related exposure and environmental challenges. The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among households living within a radius of 250m (Category A) and 500m (Category) from the landfill based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710086

Social and Economic Factors Behind Ebola in Sierra Leonne

Aditya Narashim

Article Type: Review Article | Indexed Archive: Volume 6

The Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, caused by the Ebola virus, is a rare but severe disease and claims a fatality rate of 50%. Although its origins date back to the 1970s, the epidemic in 2014-2016 marked its most prominent appearance. Amongst the Central- and West- African regions which showed a spike in cases during this epidemic period, the infections in Sierra Leone stood to be the most severe in the region, totaling about 14,000 cases in the country alone....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710085

Local Cutaneous Complication after Bacilli Calmette-Guerin Vaccine: Unusual Location

Nadine Kammoun, Khadija Sellami, Chaima Kouki and Hamida Turki

Article Type: Case Report | Indexed Archive: Volume 6

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine may cause some cutaneous complications at the injection site. Their management is still unclear. Thigh swelling is a symptom of various benign and malignant conditions. Differential diagnosis is not easy, particularly if the causative disorder has not previously been reported....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710084

Fresh Water Snails of Public Health Importance in Canals in Okigwe Imo State Nigeria: Their Infectivity and Implications for Control

Victor Ugochukwu Obisike, Maduabuchi Chozuruoke Dike and Enwereji Ezinna E

Article Type: Research Article | Indexed Archive: Volume 6

Studies have linked freshwater snails with human flukes as a result of repeated contacts with contaminated water. This study is aimed to determine the distribution of freshwater snails and their infectivity rates along human dwellings in Okigwe Imo state using Physico-Chemical parameters. Freshwater snails were collected by using long plastic spoons and with hand-picking method....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710083

High Seroprevalence of SARS-COV-2 Antibody before Covid-19 Vaccination in Nigerian Communities

Olaleye DO, Aminu M, Olusola BA, Segun TO, Faneye AO, Opayele AV, Odeh E, Sarki M, Dairo MD, Fagbamigbe AF, Egbuna HC, Ajuwon AJ, Omilabu SA, Achi CE, Odaibo GN and Arinola OG

Article Type: Original Research Article | Indexed Archive: Volume 6

This community-based study was conducted to determine the proportion of individuals in the population that had been infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and developed antibodies before the second wave and introduction of COVID-19 vaccines in Nigeria. Between December 2020 and March 2021, 2,244 markets sellers and shoppers aged ≤ 70 years across six states [two northern (Kano and Kaduna), two eastern (Ebonyi and Imo), and two western (Oyo and Lagos)] regions were enrolled in the study....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710082

Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intakes and Salt Reduction Strategies: Systematic Review in Africa (2012-2022)

Kenao TS, Sossa Jerôme C, Paraiso MN, Belo M, Sopoh GP and Agueh V

Article Type: Review Article | Indexed Archive: Volume 6

Excessive salt/sodium (Sodium > 2 grams/day, equivalent to 5 g salt/day) and low potassium (less than 3.5 grams/day) intake increases the risk of heart attack and stroke. To fight against cardiovascular diseases, the nutritional strategy is to regulate the dietary intake of salt/sodium and potassium according to set standards....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710081

Poverty, Urban Environmental Factors and Spatial Distribution of Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Area of Recent Emergence in Inner Brazil

Jose Claudio Simao, PhD, Cassiano Victoria, PhD and Carlos Magno Castelo Branco Fortaleza, MD, PhD

Article Type: Original Article | Indexed Archive: Volume 6

In an urban area of recent emergence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil, the spatial distribution of both VL and VL-HIV coinfection was negatively associated with per capita income, population density, paving of streets, existence of sidewalks and drains for rainfall. Poverty and urban infrastructure deficits may influence VL emergence....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710080

Prevalence of Ear Infections in Children (0 to 15 Years) of India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ragini Bhatia, Anil Chauhan, Kulbir Kaur, Monika Rana, Pranita Pradhan and Meenu Singh

Article Type: Original Article | Indexed Archive: Volume 6

In this review PRISMA guidelines (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis) were followed. We did extensive literature search in PubMed, Embase, Cinahl and Web of Science to identify relevant community based cross sectional studies that investigated the prevalence of ear diseases in children in India. We used STATA version 16.0 software to perform meta-analysis....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710078

Attitudes and Barriers towards Adolescent Sexuality and Abortion Care in the Northern Part of Ghana

Alhassan Abibata, Musah Nihayatu, Joseph Owusu-Marfo, Ruth Nimota Nukpezah and Yaa Nyarko Agyeman

Article Type: Research Article | Indexed Archive: Volume 6

The adolescence period is generally perceived as being healthy, however, most adolescents in the Tamale Metropolisgo through this period with health challenges such as sexual and reproductive problems and unsafe abortion. This study aimed to determine the attitude and barriers toward Adolescent Sexuality and abortion in the Tamale Metropolis....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710079

Patient-Centered Care for the Victims of Human Trafficking: Ethical and Legal Issues

Annalee A. Mora

Article Type: Research Article | Indexed Archive: Volume 6

Human trafficking has been a global issue that significantly impacts the healthcare system and communities. Healthcare professionals working in different healthcare settings are in the position to identify, diagnose, treat, and refer potential victims of human trafficking....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710077

A Culturally Competent Patient Care: A Review of the CLAS Standards

Annalee A. Mora

Article Type: Review Article | Indexed Archive: Volume 6

Multiculturism is rapidly growing. It affects all aspects of society, including healthcare. A culturally competent healthcare system has a critical impact on meeting the needs of the diverse population that it serves. The national Culturally and Linguistic Approach Services (CLAS) standards have been developed and implemented as a tool to improve the quality of care, potentially transforming how we address disparities in healthcare. Motivated by a nationalized concern about societal impartiality...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4512/1710076

Definition of Cut-Off Score between COVID-19 Acute Phase and Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: Indispensable Element to Consider in the Use of Instrumental and Clinical Tests

Nicolás Alberto Cely-Aldana, MD, Luisa María Benjumea-Gómez, MD, Ronald Antonio Solís-Amin, MD, Alix Sabec Freire-Duran, MD and Maria Paz Bolaño-Romero, MS

Article Type: Letter to Editor | Indexed Archive: Volume 6

The COVID-19 pandemic has probably been the worst public health calamity of the 21st century. At the first peak of infection during the early to mid- 2020s, much was unknown about the pathophysiology, COVID-19 phenotypes, pharmacologic and supportive management, rehabilitation, and outcomes. With precision and celerity, several safe and effective vaccine prototypes were developed to achieve the desired herd immunity and reduce intensive care unit admission and death. Scales have also been design...

Volume 6
Issue 2