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Toxicology and Risk AssessmentISSN: 2572-4061

Early Online

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-4061.1510062

Di-2-Ethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP) Toxicity: Organ-Specific Impacts and Human-Relevant Findings in Animal Models & Humans - Review

Ajaynath Reddy Bijjala, Venkataramanaiah Poli and Srinivasulu Reddy Motireddy

Article Type: Review Article | First Published: January 11, 2025

Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is considered one of the most extensively used plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products that include medical devices, food packaging and flooring materials. However, DEHP has been classified as an endocrine disruptor and there is a global concern regarding its effects on human and animal health. The current review seeks to summarize the existing body of literature on the toxicology of DEHP in relation to a wide variety of organ systems, including endocri...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-4061.1510061

Toxicological Studies of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (Myrtaceae) Essential Oil for the Safety of Its Insecticidal Application

Sylvain Ilboudo, Bapio Valérie Elvira Jean Télesphore Bazié, Jean Noël Dado Koussé, Geoffroy Gueswindé Ouédraogo, Gaétan D. SOMDA, Ignace Sawadogo, Moussa Ouédraogo, Roger C.H. Nebie and Sylvin Ouédraogo

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: 2024/07/18

Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh (Myrtaceae) (E. camaldulensis) or red gum is a plant whose essential oil (EO) is recognized for its insecticidal, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Imported from Australia and introduced to other continents whose Africa, its EO is used in Burkina Faso to formulate biopesticides....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-4061.1510060

Contamination Levels of Heavy Metals and Assessment of Potential Health Risks in Food Samples in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): A Systematic Review

Mputu Malolo Lievins-Corneille, Mankulu Kakumba Jocelyn, Ndelo Matondo Patrick, Nuapia Belo Yannick and Ndelo-di-Phanzu Josaphat

Article Type: Review Article | First Published: 2024/07/17

Food safety and human health are both negatively impacted when heavy metals are present in food. The objective of this review was to summarise the available data on food contamination with heavy metals (HMs) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and offer suggestions for developing the field of HMs risk assessment. We searched PubMed/MedLine, Google Scholar, Sciencedirect, and EMBASE extensively for articles on exposure levels to trace elements in DR C (2011-2021). Ten documents in all, five o...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-4061.1510059

SPE-HPLC-UV Analysis of Phthalates in Biological Fluids of Transfused Mothers in Sacred-Heart Hospital Lantoro Abeokuta Nigeria

Olumayowa Joshua Onipede, Gregory Olufemi Adewuyi, Adejumoke Idowu Ayede, Oladapo Olayemi, Folasade Adenike Bello, Jonathan O. Osamor and Gregory Olawole Arifalo

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: 2024/07/12

Exposure to phthalates through blood transfusion has been a concern of research, as studies have been inconclusive on their leaching of phthalates to the blood of the transfused patient. This study examined levels of diethyl phthalate (DEP), dipropyl phthalate (DPP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and monobutyl phthalate (MBP) in blood serum, urine and breast milk samples of transfused mothers in Sacred Heart Hospital Lantoro Abeokuta Southwest Nigeria. Samples were extra...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-4061.1510058

Combining Hazard Information from Multiple Dose-Response Experiments for Benchmark Dose Estimation in Risk Assessment

Lucy Kerns

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: 2024/06/19

An important goal of risk assessment is the determination of the minimum dose levels (benchmark doses or BMDs) of a hazardous chemical at which a specified bench mark risk (BMR) is attained. In practice, more than one experiment is often conducted for a hazard to determine the BMD values. In such cases, synthesizing all available hazard information to produce an average BMD value becomes an important task for risk analysts, which can be challenging when there is significant between-experiment he...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-4061.1510057

Hepatoprotective Efficacy of Phytochemicals in Clerodendrum volubile as Potential Natural Inhibitor on CYP2e1 Protein Implicated for Toxicity in Liver

Ololade Zacchaeus S, Onifade Olayinka F, Olugboye Bolarinde O, Alabi Temidayo E, Faleye Busayo C and Jimson Favour E

Article Type: Review Article | First Published: 2024/06/13

This study delves into the effects of secondary metabolites in Clerodendrum volubile on CYP2e1, a protein target implicated in hepatotoxicity. Among these compounds, cis,cis-linoleic acid, 3-hydroxydecanoic acid, n-pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, and 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one demonstrate strong binding affinities and stability within the protein's active site compared to standard compounds with lower values. These compounds exhibited notable binding affinities against ...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-4061.1510055

Health Risk Assessment of Exposures to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Water and Fish Ingestion in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Ephraim-Emmanuel Benson Chukwunweike, Enembe Okokon and Ordinioha Best

Article Type: RESEARCH ARTICLE | First Published: 2023/12/18

The harmful properties of many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, their capacity to bioaccumulate, and their persistence in the environment, have contributed in making exposures to these compounds to be an issue of great public health concern. This study assessed the health risks associated with PAHs exposure from the ingestion of fish and water in Bayelsa State....
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 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-4061.1510052

Large Left Ventricular Thrombus in a Patient with Methamphetamine Associated Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report

Jose Kristian Feliciano, MD

Article Type: Case Report | First Published: March 06, 2023

The development of small or moderate size left ventricular thrombus (LVT) is a well-known complication in various cardiac conditions with the highest rate observed in acute anterior myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure (CHF) as a result of severe left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, but a huge LVT that almost protrudes to the aortic valve is an exceptionally rare phenomenon....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-4061.1510051

Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicity Studies on the Trunk Bark Hydro- Ethanolic Extract of Stereospermum kunthianum Cham: In Wistar Rats

Dieynaba KONE, Abdou SARR, Fatoumata BAH, Serigne Ibra Mbacké DIENG, Aminata TOURÉ, Alioune Dior FALL, Mathilde CABRAL and Mamadou FALL

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: January 29, 2023

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the trunk bark hydro- ethanolic extract of Stereospermum Kunthianum Cham: in Wistar rats. For acute toxicity assessment, three 12-week-old female rats were administered by gavage a single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg of the trunk bark hydro-ethanolic extract of Stereospermum kunthianum. LD50 was estimated after 14 days of observation. Subacute toxicity was assessed at three dose levels: 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-4061.1510050

Impact Surfactants on Aquatic Resources with References to Neurological Inhibition, Antioxidant Defenses, and Endocrine Disruption in Oreochromis niloticus induced with Alpha-Olefin Sulfonate

Ikpesu Thomas Ohwofasa

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: December 03, 2022

Oreochromis niloticus were subjected to 30 days of α-Olefin Sulfonate sublethal toxicity test after which samples of brain, liver, and blood were collected for biochemicals evaluations. The brain under control treatment showed higher specific acetyl cholinesterase activity than the blood. Nonetheless, AChE activities in the brain and erythrocytes of O. niloticus exposed to sublethal concentration of α-OS revealed that the toxicant decreases the activities of the enzyme in both tissues, and the...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-4061.1510049

Health and Environmental Risk Assessment of Toxic Metals and Metalloids Burdened Soil Due to Anthropogenic Influence

Omobolaji O Afolabi, Elekwachi Wali, Eze C Ihunda, Sunny O Asomaku, Olushola IT Yemi- Jonathan, Nnamdi C Ogbuehi, Lilian C Bosco-Abiahu, Maureen C Orji and Victoria O Emelu

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: October 10, 2022

Landfill area is one of developing countries’ most common anthropogenically contaminated sites. The pressure of urbanization has led to increased waste generation in major cities, commonly deposited in landfills; hence, heavy metals contaminations are closer to the human environment than ever. The study assessed the environmental risk of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Colbat (Co), Cranium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), and Lead (Pb) in an abandoned landfill system and ...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-4061.1510048

Haemoatopoietic Alterations Induced by Cotton Insecticide Thalis 112 EC (Emamectin Benzoate 48 g/L, Acetamiprid 64 g/L) in African Catfish Clarias gariepinus

AGBOHESSI Prudencio, HOUNDJI Alexis, OUEDRAOGO Alfred, DANDJINOU Arlette, HOUEDJISSI Gisèle and IMOROU TOKO Ibrahim

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: September 23, 2022

Thalis 112 EC is the trade name of a binary insecticide (Emamectin benzoate 48 g/L, Acetamiprid 64 g/L) used in cotton growing in Benin. These compounds can lead to extensive side effects on the inhabitants living in that exposed area. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to this pesticide on the immune status of Clarias gariepinus....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-4061.1510047

Evaluation of Gonadotoxic Effects of Cadmium and Iron Administered Via Tainted Diet Singly and Combined in Female Rats

Ogunbiyi OJ and Obi FO

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: September 06, 2022

Most studies on cadmium toxicity focus on its singly effect neglecting the fact that it does not occur alone in the environment but coexist along with other metals. The current study was therefore designed to examine the possible influence of iron (Fe) on cadmium (Cd) toxicity in the gonad of female rats. Twenty adult female albino rats used in this study were divided into four groups of five rats each....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-4061.1510046

Global Impacts of Legalization and Decriminalization of Marijuana and Cannabis

Karen Mollner, MPAS, MS, PA-C

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: August 25, 2022

The purpose of this article is to discuss global public health impacts of legalization and decriminalization of marijuana and cannabis regarding physical and mental health impacts as well as accident and death reports. Extensive review of the current medical literature was performed with a focus on papers discussing medical effects from marijuana use, public health impacts from legalization and decriminalization of marijuana and accident and death reports in various countries after legalization ...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-4061.1510045

In vitro and in vivo Evaluation of the Toxicity Roots of Leptadenia hastata (PER) Decne. Cytotoxicity on Caco2 and HepG2 Cells, Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity on Wistar Rats

Fatoumata Bah, Pascale Marie Aimée Dozolme, Mama Sy Diallo, Ramadhan Nyandwi, Mohamadou Lamine Daffé, Aminata Touré, Absa Lam, Mathilde Cabral, MatarSeck, Serge Maria Moukha and Mamadou Fall

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: August 10, 2022

Nowadays, the use of medicinal plants, for treatment of several pathologies, continues to gain grounds throughout the world. Leptadenia hastata, like other medicinal plants, is used as therapeutic agent for several pathological conditions including diabetes mellitus, diarrhoea, and prostatitis, among other, however, limited data on its toxicity are available....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-4061.1510044

Meta-Analyses of Glyphosate and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Expert Panel Conclusions and Recommendations

Kirman CR, Cocco P, Eslick GD, Villeneuve PJ and Hays SM

Article Type: Review Article | First Published: March 31, 2022

An expert panel was assembled to support a review of a series of recent publications using a modified Delphi format. These publications were scored based on a consideration of confidence in their methods, results, conclusions, and applicability to risk-based decision making. Mean confidence scores for the papers reviewed ranged from 53 to 74 (maximum score = 100), and key strengths and concerns were identified. This review highlights the need for transparency in meta-analyses. Different conclusi...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-4061.1510043

Cytotoxic Effects of Ceteareth-20 and Paraffinium Liquidum In Vitro

Duygu Kirkik, PhD, Fatih Hacimustafaoglu, PhD and Derya Altunkanat, PhD

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: March 31, 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ceteareth-20 and paraffinium liquidium on cell viability and cytotoxicity in human lymphocyte in vitro. We studied the cytotoxic and inhibitory effects of ceteareth-20 and paraffinium liquidum on cell proliferation using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and cell proliferation (WST-1) assay. The cytotoxicity was enhanced when cells were treated with 1%, 5%, 25% and 50% paraffinium liquidium dilutions (p < 0.05). Moreover, cell number signifi...

Volume 8
Issue 1