The choice of treatment of carotid artery stenosis is firstly based on assessment of the degree of stenosis and embologeneity of the atherosclerotic plaque. But even in "good-risk" population it is still difficult to identify the patients who are particularly at high threat of stroke and would most benefit from carotid reconstruction. Along with common criteria numerous studies also focus on a prognostic role of a cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) and its state which allows to carry out more objecti...

Mobius syndrome (MBS) is a rare congenital neurological disorder typically characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the 6th and 7th cranial nerves, causing a loss of facial expression and strabismus. Other cranial nerves may be affected in addition to other structures such as the jaw, limbs, and anterior chest. While the primary cause of MBS has not yet been identified different hypotheses have been enumerated, including a possible genetic alteration. The Hoxb1 gene may be a good cand...